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41.
42.
Hospital effluent with its high content of multidrug resistant (MDR) enterobacteria and the presence of enteric pathogens could pose a grave problem for the community. It was planned at our tertiary care hospital in central India to study the population changes at various steps of effluent treatment plant (ETP) like collection, aeration, clarification, liquid sludge, dried sludge, high-pressure filter and treated wastewater. The study included viable bacterial counts, coliform counts, staphylococcal, enterococcal, Pseudomonas and multiple drug resistant (MDR) gram negative bacterial counts in the different stages of ETP. In order to study the distribution of bacteria as free floating in liquid and adherent to suspended particles, enumeration of the bacteria in the filterate and the sediment was also carried out. The effluent input showed 55% of the 8.6 x 10(6)/ml bacteria as coliforms and E. coli which was a typical of fecal flora. The prevalence of MDR coliforms was 0.26%. The substantial reduction (> 3log) was seen for the effluent coming from the clarifier. The bulk of the bacteria in the hospital effluent remains firmly adhered to solid particles; aeration and clarification removes bulk of the bacteria by physical processes like flocculation. The treated liquid effluent still contains sizeable loads of MDR bacteria and inactivation by procedure such as chlorination is required. The bacteria get concentrated in sludge and a greater concentration of chlorine is required for decontamination. 相似文献
43.
Current design models for ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (UV-PCO) devices often assume that the air contains only one volatile organic compound (VOC) species or all the VOCs in the air can be treated on a non-interacting basis. However, trace-level multiple VOCs co-exist in most indoor environments. This paper assesses the significance of interference effects among different VOCs for indoor applications by full-scale “pull-down” experiments assisted with model simulations. Multiple versus single VOC tests were performed on selected groups of compounds under low concentration levels. Removal efficiency for each compound was calculated. It was found that the interference effect among test VOCs were generally small in the 2-VOC and 3-VOC mixture tests performed on toluene, ethylbenzene, octane, decane and dodecane with initial concentration of approximate 1 mg/m3 for each compound. However, in the 16 VOC mixture test, the interference effect among different VOCs became quite obvious, and compounds with lower removal efficiency in the single compound test appeared to also have relatively lower efficiency and more obvious delay period in the initial reaction. The L–H model appears to be able to account for this effect if reaction rate constants can be accurately estimated. Results, although limited, indicate that interference between multiple VOCs may not be neglected for the PCO reactor for indoor applications where the number of VOCs species is large and the TVOC concentration is high. 相似文献
44.
大跨桥梁结构扭转振动的MTMD控制研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多重调谐质量阻尼器 (MTMD)主要被用来控制结构的侧向振动与大跨桥梁的抖振。目前 ,还未见有国内外学者讨论大跨桥梁结构扭转振动的MTMD控制问题。鉴此 ,本文将研究利用MTMD控制桥梁结构扭转振动的可能性。假设桥梁结构仅存在扭转振动 ,于是桥梁结构可简化为单自由度结构模型。基于建立的桥梁结构的一般MTMD模型的传递函数 ,导出了设置 5种MTMD模型 (MTMD 1~MTMD 5 )桥梁结构转角位移动力放大系数 (DMF)统一解析式。于是 5种MTMD模型的优化准则可定义为设置 5种MTMD模型桥梁结构最大转角位移动力放大系数的最小值的最小化。数值研究表明 ,相对于其它最优的MTMD模型 ,最优的MTMD 1可以提供更好的有效性和鲁棒性而且制作最简单。因此 ,最优的MTMD 1模型是可用于控制大跨桥梁结构扭转振动的最佳MTMD。 相似文献
45.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(5):2274-2281
Multiple loss media can be applied, not only to improve the performance of microwave absorption materials, but also to promote the electromagnetic (EM) shielding efficacy of materials. In this study, multiple loss mediums (C, SiC, and SiCnws) were introduced into Sc2Si2O7 ceramics to synthesise carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc2Si2O7 ceramics by H2 reduction and CVI technology. After 1–3 CVI process cycles, the open porosity decreases from 34.7 %±0.5 % to 8.4 %±0.3 % filled with multiple loss media. The results show that CH3SiCl3 provides the raw material for synthesising SiC(SiCnws) and carbon in ceramics, resulting in adjustable EM shielding properties. Furthermore, the EM shielding mechanism consists mainly of the combined synergistic effect of C, SiC, and SiCnws, which contributes to the reflective shielding efficacy, and promotes the absorption shielding effectiveness, including dipole polarization loss, and interface polarization loss. Subsequently, carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc2Si2O7 ceramics with a multiple loss medium of 31.2 wt% ±0.22 wt% achieve a total EM shielding effectiveness value of 31.8 dB (99.92 % electromagnetic waves are attenuated) with an X-band thickness of 2 mm. Therefore, carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc2Si2O7 ceramics are a promising novel composite, applicable in future EM shielding in high temperature environments. 相似文献
46.
Non-energy benefits of energy efficiency programs have been studied as early as 1993, and there have been hundreds of papers and reports published since then, many of them finding that NEB are significant. Yet many U.S. states do not include NEB in their cost-benefit analyses. This article tries to provide some insight into this mismatch between the findings of NEB research and policy by analyzing the empirical basis of such research. 相似文献
47.
少齿差齿轮副在啮合时由于轮齿受载产生变形可能引发多对齿同时接触承载的情况[1],啮合齿对实际承担的载荷将下降。少齿差齿轮副啮合时存在多对齿同时接触承载的现象,且由于内外齿轮齿廓的凹凸曲率非常接近,啮合时齿面接触面积较大,接触力为分布力,在计算齿根弯曲应力时不宜按集中力处理,这些情况使得准确计算少齿差齿轮副的齿根弯曲应力变得复杂。现以大量有限元计算分析为基础,综合考虑多对齿同时接触承载这一情况,建立了适用于少齿差齿轮副齿根弯曲应力的计算方法,并进行了实验验证。 相似文献
48.
49.
以教育部毕业生就业预警区域划分为指导,采用多元线性回归模型变点的统计方法,对高校毕业生一次就业率变点识别的关键问题进行了分析,结合某高校实际数据对本方法进行了检验和论证,定量明确了大学生就业相关影响因素。 相似文献
50.